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[Essay] Let the Face Be (Re)Born scrap

by Song Hyun-jigo link Translated by Seth Chandlergo link December 7, 2023

[Essay] Let the Face Be (Re)Born 이미지

Author Bio 작가 소개

이원

Yi Won

Yi Won debuted in the pages of Segye-ui Munhak in 1992. Her poetry collections include When They Ruled the Earth, A Thousand Moons Rising Over the River of Yahoo!, The World’s Lightest Motorcycle, The History of an Impossible Page, Let Love be Born, and I Am My Affectionate Zebra. She has received the 2005 Contemporary Poetics Prize, the 2002 Contemporary Poetry Award, and 2018 Hyeongpyeong Literary Award. She works as a professor of creative writing at Seoul Institute of the Arts.

Since Yi Won’s debut in 1992, an intense set of descriptors have clung to her poetryterms like “cyborg sensibility,” “electronic desert,” “monitor kinder.” These descriptions were an attempt to explain the shock that her unfamiliar imagination sent through the Korean poetic establishment with the scenes in her first collection, When They Ruled the Earth, of people strolling down the street with wires and plugs hanging from their bodies like umbilical cords (“In the Street”). Yet even as they define her poetry in such terms, critics have also taken interest in those aspects of her poetry which break free of this definition. Such critics worry that this imaginative intensity obscures the fact that Yi’s poetry is “a kind of ontological question on a more fundamental level.”1)

       These concerns ring true because Yi has always been immersed in the question of being human. As the electronic desert is no longer the central subject of her poetry, we can see that what interests her is not digital civilization, but ways of life in the here and now that we inhabit. The issue that has interested her for so long, it seems, is how people live in a changing world and how we as humans respond to these changes.

       Here the motif that draws attention is the face. Perhaps because of the intensity of her other imagery, the face is rarely discussed by critics, but it appears prominently and consistently across her work. Notably, we often find faces in the process of disappearing or having already disappeared. Take, for example, the faces in “Self-Portrait” from her second collection, A Thousand Moons Rising Over the River of Yahoo! Even now, more than twenty years later, they form a remarkable and frequently discussed self-portrait.

 

       As I took the mobile phone my face dropped and cracked I picked up a shard and slit my right wrist A twisted vein splits and the sun drops to the ground.

 

       [. . .]

 

       As soon as I turned on the computer the 17 inch monitor sucked up my face like a vacuum cleaner My eyes nose mouth all sucked in together and only the skin left sliding down over the edge of the desk I pick up my lukewarm skin and hang it next to the new calendar

 

       These vivid descriptionsa cracked phone screen as a shattered face, a face sucked into a computer monitorare the poet’s distinctive way of capturing human life under the domination of digital civilization as we become stuck to our phones like a single body, sharing nearly all our information with them, our senses lost entirely to digital devices. What’s interesting here is that the poet expresses this situation as the destruction and loss of the face. The broken shard of the human face ultimately attacks itself and brings about the end of the world as “the sun drops to the ground.” Why does Yi place the face at the center of this frightening imaginary? What does the poet mean to convey with this image of a faceless person with only skin left over?

       The meaning of the lost face still eludes us. Scenes of lost and damaged faces appear in The World’s Lightest Motorcycle, where the face is torn to pieces and devoured by bread (“The Mirror Eats My Face”), and The History of an Impossible Page, where the face slips out of itself (“Face Escapes Face”) and faceless bodies walk (“Your Left Cheek”). In other words, each collection offers slight variations, but disappearing and destroyed faces are a persistent theme. Why does the poet explore the face in such depth?

       To borrow the words of Giorgio Agamben, “only human beings have a face.”2) Agamben quotes Cicero’s observation that the face can exist in no animal other than humans to establish the face as a mark of human existence. From this, we gather that the loss of the face is not only the loss of that which is human but further, the loss of the human being itself, and a world in which the face is lost is a world in which humanity is lost. That is, Yi’s self-portrait as the faceless speaker of the poem points to a changing world which strips us of our humanity.3)

       The faces depicted in the poet’s 2017 collection Let Love Be Born, however, reveal a somewhat different aspect. While the speaker of earlier poems typically perceives her own disappearing face, this collection finds her describing the ruined, erased faces of countless others. Here lies the Sewol ferry disaster. When the children return with faces crushed by the sea, when those faces must be covered in “a white sheet,” when we become numb or try to avoid the memory of the childrenour minds “covered in darkness” (“Night and Day”)Yi writes of their disappearing faces. To return to Agamben, the children’s faces have at some point become the ultimate site of politics.

       The most affecting element here is that the face of the speaker writing about the lost children’s faces is also lost. In “Self-Portrait with Beak,” the speaker is “only beak / and neck / and below nothing but / vast horizon.” In other words, nothing is left of the speaker’s face but a beak.

 

       write like slitting a pale throat

 

       long beak, break through the flesh

 

       let us walk again from the very end

       (the place where words come out)

       should we call it the railing

 

       it is lucky we can still write

       let us not lose writing

        

       cut across

       smelling of burning meat

 

       only beak

       and neck

 

       and below nothing but

       vast horizon

 

       The first thing we notice in this poem is the hopelessness of the speaker, who realizes she no longer leads a human life after experiencing the children’s deaths. But one of the poet’s essays, “Don’t Show the Bloodied Hand” from The Smallest Discovery, in which she describes the face of Francis Bacon, suggests there may be more than hopelessness here. She writes that the reason “[Bacon’s] face fills the air with the uncontrollable scent of existence” is that “his eyes, nose, and ears are unerasable,” and thus hold his face up “until the bitter end.”4) In the self-portrait above, is the speaker’s mouth the last thing barely holding up the rest of her face, and with it her humanity? Nothing of her face remains but the mouth, yet she writes and talks about the faces of the faceless, remembering and grieving them. In that sense, this act reads like a desperate struggle to lead a human life.

       But why does the speaker grow this beak long enough to “break through the flesh”? Of course, this can be read pessimistically as the loss of the speaker’s humanitythe mouth is all that’s left of the face, and even the mouth is a bird’s beak. However, the poet has written elsewhere of how “the beak cracks the arc the lips can’t” as she chooses the “hard and sharp” bird’s beak in a mythic rebirth, hatching from an egg (“VirginEyes Birth”). Maybe if she uses this hard, sharp beak to write of those lost faces, the beak won’t slip from the children as it picks up their faces and writes about each of them one by one. This bird’s beak is like the “long tongue” that “breaks through the horizon,” the most useful tool to “pull [the children] from” the darkness (“Pocket Knife”) and to maintain, ironically, the speaker’s humanity.

       In another poem, the speaker “Walked along the hills There were no hills but I walked the hills Who knows when a hill might emerge” (“This Is a Love Song”). Like this walk through the nonexistent hills expecting a hill to emerge, the speaker writes with her beak to find the children’s faces even though they are all gone. Starting again “from the very end [. . .] where words come out” and leaning on this beak as precarious as a “railing,” she risks her own faceno, her very humannessto write about the lost faces and recover her humanity. Are these not the actions of someone who believes fully in the power of language? When she busies her beaks to bring back those vanished faces, we can no longer say that her face is lost. “In the vanishing, empty air called face” (“Red and Lips, Play if out of Step,” from I Am My Affectionate Zebra), this self-portrait with long beak is Yi’s new face. In her poems we come face to face with the most human of faces, although with the beak of a bird. And this face goes on asking us to lead a human life.

 

 

Translated by Seth Chandler

 

 

Korean Works Mentioned:

 

When They Ruled the Earth (Moonji, 1996)

그들이 지구를 지배했을 때(문학과지성사, 1996)

A Thousand Moons Rising Over the River of Yahoo! (Moonji, 2001)

야후!의 강물에 천 개의 달이 뜬다(문학과지성사, 2001)

The World’s Lightest Motorcycle (tr. E. J. Koh, Marci Calabretta Cancio-Bello, Zephyr Press, 2021)

세상에서 가장 가벼운 오토바이(문학과지성사, 2007)

The History of an Impossible Page, (Moonji, 2012)

불가능한 종이의 역사(문학과지성사, 2012)

Let Love Be Born, (Moonji, 2017)

사랑은 탄생하라(문학과지성사, 2017)

The Smallest Discovery, (Minumsa, 2017)

최소의 발견, (민음사, 2017)

I Am My Affectionate Zebra, (Hyundae Munhak, 2018)

나는 나의 다정한 얼룩말(현대문학, 2018)

“VirginEyes Birth,” Literature and Society vol.134 (Moonji, 2021 Summer)

난생처음 설화, (문학과사회 2021년 여름호, 2012)



1) Ham Donkyun, “Impossible Elevation, Cliffside Flower Tree,” Afterword to The History of an Impossible Page, by Yi Won (Seoul: Moonji, 2012), 152.

2) Giorgio Agamben, Where Are We Now: The Epidemic as Politics, trans. Valeria Dani (London: ERIS, 2021), 86.

3) This point also helps us to understand the shadow and mirror that appear repeatedly, just like the face, in Yi’s poetry. While the shadow, which must clearly bear a distorted face, acts as a device to reveal those aspects of humanity which possess faint tinges of human being (“Shadows,” The History of an Impossible Page), the mirror is a means to look further into the face (“For the Mirror,” The World’s Lightest Motorcycle).

4) Yi Won, “Don’t Show the Bloodied Hand,” The Smallest Discovery (Seoul: Minumsa, 2017), 153.

 


Writer 필자 소개

Song Hyun-ji

Song Hyun-ji

Song Hyun-ji began her career as a critic through the 2023 Munwha Ilbo New Writer’s Contest.

Translator 번역가 소개

Seth Chandler

Seth Chandler

Seth Chandler is a literary and academic translator. He received his master’s degree in modern Korean poetry from Seoul National University and studied translation at LTI Korea Translation Academy. His work has appeared in Azalea, KLN, chogwa zine, and elsewhere.

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