Perspectives from the Border: Personal and Social Horizons scrap
by Kim Yudam
Translated by Peace Pyunghwa Lee
March 4, 2026
Author Bio 작가 소개
Hello. Thank you for meeting with me today. I understand that you have returned to Suncheon where you spent your student years, and that you have been teaching at a university there for several years now. Place and region have been enduring concerns in your work, from your debut to the present. If the hometown depicted in your earlier fiction was often read as a place you had left behind, then in your most recent collection, We’re Okay Here, stories centered on the “here” where you are now situated stand out in particular.
Just as one’s positionality can shape one’s perspective and attitude, the hometown written from the city and the hometown written from “here” give rise to different impressions. I would love to hear how returning to your home region, teaching students at the local university, and writing fiction from this place have changed you as a writer.
For the past five years, I’ve been living in Suncheon, where I also attended high school. My hometown is about an hour away. Rather than feeling that I’ve come home, I think of myself as being on the outskirts of home. I like this sense of distance.
Since moving back here, my breathing has certainly grown easier, as if I’ve returned to the world of my mother tongue. And yet, there are times when this place feels suddenly unfamiliar to me. I find myself discovering things I hadn’t known before, and this sense of time-walking through the gaps that have opened over the past thirty years also feels new. For writers, I think our hometowns pull at us as much as they push us away. Because I don’t know my hometown anymore, you could say that I haven’t so much returned home as that I’ve arrived here from some other world.
As I reread your fiction to prepare for this interview, I was struck once again by the expansiveness of your fictional territory. Beginning with the vernacular of your hometown, your work extends outward to the Cambodian border, Mongolia, and even to the Rohingya people of Myanmar.
I’d like to ask about your hometown and rural society, which served as a point of departure for your literary work. “Chasing Chickens,” your first short story published in 1994, is celebrated for vividly portraying rural life with its rich dialect and strong vernacular texture. Your first collection, Burying Incense, is similarly oriented. Considering that the mainstream of 1990s literature leaned toward erasing regional differences, this must have given you much to wrestle with. At the same time, it seems to me that your decision not to follow prevailing literary trends helped secure the distinctiveness of your work as a writer. I’d love to hear your thoughts on this.
I began my career by writing stories rooted in my hometown. That was simply who I was at the time. It wasn’t so much that I believed I knew rural society well; I just felt I was lacking in the knowledge of city life. What troubled me most, however, was that I had not yet discovered what I truly wanted to write. Though I was physically immersed in a big city, my heart leaned toward home. I guess I struggled with my identity.
As a writer, I believed there existed an original core to who I was, and that it had been distorted or contaminated. I began writing in search of that original form. Through fiction, I tried to separate what was truly mine from what was not, believing that once I found myself, I would finally be able to write the kind of literature I genuinely wanted to pursue. In that sense, writing about my hometown became a means of searching for my origins.
But of course, there is no such thing as an original form for a human being. I eventually came to see myself as someone who had lost their home, with no choice but to set out on the road and wander outward. Only later did I realize that this journey had become my literary world. From the outside, leaving home and returning home may appear to be a smooth trajectory, but inwardly, it feels more like the scattered tracks of a traveler drifting from place to place, unable to settle anywhere.
Mongolia is an important source of inspiration for you. In 2005, you spent six months there, and that experience seems to have become fertile ground for several stories, including the title piece of your third story collection, Wolves. Could you talk about how your time there influenced your writing? I’m also curious about how you view Mongolia now. You’ve returned several times since then, and this year marks twenty years since you first connected with the country. Mongolia itself must have undergone significant changes amid the currents of globalization.
I haven’t been able to return since the pandemic began. Before that, though, I first stayed there for six months thanks to a residency program, and then went back about eight more times on shorter visits. From what I hear from friends who continue to travel there, Mongolia has changed a great deal in recent years. If I were to go now, Ulaanbaatar would probably feel unfamiliar. Given the pace of change, I’m guessing it has become like every other big city around the world.
I was in my early thirties when I spent those six months there. Back then, international exchange in the Korean literary world was just beginning to take shape. New partnerships were forming with writers’ organizations in places like Vietnam and Mongolia, and the first overseas residency programs were only just emerging. At the time, I felt a strong urge to go somewhere unfamiliar, to stop writing for a while, and simply live. Mongolia offered the shock of an entirely different world: a nomadic culture set against an agrarian one, a society in transition from socialism to a market economy, and at the same time a place where layers of Korea’s own path to modernization seemed visibly sedimented. It also felt like a kind of third space, where North and South Korea coexisted . . . Writing came naturally there. These were issues I had already been thinking about during my student days as an activist. Luckily for me, I was already searching for a way to write from the perspective of someone standing at the border, someone attuned to the social discourses people sense in everyday life, and to the meeting point between personal and political horizons.
My time in Mongolia was, psychologically, the most intense period of struggle I have known. It offered a loneliness so deep that I wondered if I would ever encounter it again. And as a human being, I felt that I had become freer and more mature. When I returned to Korea, I had the sense, for the first time since becoming an adult, that I was coming home.
The story “Empty Cans,” published in this issue of KLN, reads as an extension of the Mongolian narrative from Wolves. Broadly speaking, it follows Nergüi, who spent his early childhood on the steppe, as he parts from the landscape that shaped him and sets off for Ulanbaatar. Compared to the story “Wolves,” which is charged with grief and fierce intensity over the destruction of Mongolian nomadic life under capitalism, “Empty Cans” unfolds in a more restrained register, telling the story of nine-year-old Nergüi as he yields to this historical current and learns to live within it. What were you hoping to express through this work?
The Mongolia I encountered in 2005 was a place where traditional nomadic life and modern urban life coexisted and collided. I have often described it through the image of a herder on horseback passing in front of a Motorola billboard erected on the steppe. On Mongolian soil, the world of myth and neoliberalism stood side by side, and I wanted to capture that image.
The figure of the wolf became a medium to grasp this tension. The wolf is both the greatest threat to livestock and, at the same time, a being imbued with spirit-like mythic presence. In that sense, “Wolves” can be described as a work of image-hunting, a pursuit of an archetypal figure that gathers these contradictions.
What fascinated me about Mongolia, however, was its nomadic imagination: a sensibility shaped by a land that is not owned, and an attitude toward life that, to my eyes, appeared cold and unsentimental. “Empty Cans” captures just a single shard of Mongolian nomadic life.
When you write about migration and diaspora, you seem especially attentive to borders. What led you to this choice? When writing about others beyond the self, or about unfamiliar places, what do you keep foremost in mind as you work?
I think I’ve already touched on why I try to adopt the perspective of someone at the border. It is to stand at the edge where crossings occur. I think maybe all that literature can truly capture is the gesture, the attempt, to understand the unknowable world of the other. A sense of that unknowability has to come first.
When I can only write from myself, I try to position that self honestly, and to show the conditions in which it is ruptured from within by another world. I’m interested in capturing the moment when the self begins to waver. When writing from the position of an insider, I place the character as close to the edge as possible. Only someone who is shaken to the core, and capable of reflection, can come close to the truth.
I see your sustained engagement with inter- Korean relations as a crucial aspect of your work. Stories such as “The Magnolia” and “River Crossers” remain vivid in my memory even now. In the afterword to The Second Self-Portrait, you describe “Rodong Sinmun,” “Visiting Graves,” and “The House of Longing for Home” as “stories conceived while traveling along the armistice line.” In the more recent “Reunion,” you address the issue of separated families. Questions surrounding North-South relations once formed a major lineage often referred to as “division literature.” Since around 2010, however, it seems that this tradition has waned among younger writers.
What strikes me about your treatment of division is that, rather than exposing wounds head-on, it conveys a history that remains unresolved and draws attention to those who continue to carry its pain. Were you consciously trying to depict division differently from earlier generations of writers? As a writer living on the divided Korean peninsula, what would you like to say about this condition now?
I came to understand, during my college years, that many of the contradictions of Korean society originate in its division. Most of us go about our lives without giving it much thought, yet division shapes the structural foundations of our society and manifests in a wide range of social problems. Individuals are not free from its effects. Division has been so deeply internalized that we have grown numb to it, yet we continue to live as citizens peculiary caught within its contradictions.
My generation does not carry direct experiences of war or family separation in the way earlier writers did, but I wanted to write fiction that traces how division continues to operate in everyday life. I also wanted to avoid treating division as mere subject matter. Instead, I tried to inscribe it as part of my own lived experience. My military service near the armistice line, along with three encounters with people from the North, became formative experiences for me.
At present, inter-Korean relations are stalled, offering few immediate points of stimulus for Korean writers. However, if things were to shift suddenly and exchanges were to become more active, I believe we would see an increase in literary works engaging with the question of division. On the level of lived experiences, I intend to keep grappling with this issue and carrying it into my fiction.
You entered university in the late 1980s and took part in the student movement of the 1990s. You made your literary debut in your third year at university and, through your involvement with the Writers’ Association of Korea, you did not hesitate to step forward as a writer engaged with social issues. In a past interview, you spoke of beginning to write with the conviction of committing yourself to a lifelong movement. How have these experiences of activism shaped your literature? And in our present moment, what role do you think writers can play in working toward a better society?
For my generation, participating in social movements was not especially dangerous. Our creative environment was very different from that of earlier generations who wrote under military dictatorship. I became a writer in a context where alternative ways of living, and multiple forms of literary practice, were genuinely possible. Around the time I began writing, there was a persistent question: Why become a professional writer at all? When I was a student, there was even a sense of resistance to the institutional debut system that produced established writers, because there was always the alternative path of becoming a full-time social activist.
I was involved in a literary movement grounded in collective creation, and when I committed myself to writing, I believed it was possible to do so as part of a lifelong practice of resistance. Writers from earlier generations had lived this way. That said, I wasn’t envisioning organized activism. Rather, I believed that a writer’s life could be a way of continuing to grow and mature over a lifetime. And I believed that society surrounding us should flow onto the writer’s desk.
You can see this in the way younger writers came together around the June 9 Writers’ Declaration* following the Yongsan tragedy and President Roh Moo-hyun’s death, and in how writers later responded, through solidarity and literary practice, to the Sewol ferry disaster, the MeToo movement and the reboot of feminism, and the impeachment process. A writer’s desk cannot be otherwise.
* Translator’s Note: The June 9 Writers’ Declaration (6·9 작가선언) was issued in 2009 by 188 Korean writers. Framing writing as an act of resistance rather than ideology, the declaration affirmed literature’s obligation to human dignity and collective responsibility.
Reading your essay on the martial law declaration, “Why Did I Get Off the Train,” I had the sense of catching a glimpse of the lives and ways of thinking of your generation, as well as those of the earlier “386 Generation.” The same student activists who once worked fervently to uncover the suspicious death of Student Council President Lee Nae-chang, and who are now part of the older generation, still head to Yeouido or Gwanghwamun to protest during national crises.
I found myself lingering over your phrase “civic health.” I imagine you were in Suncheon at the time of the martial law declaration, and I would like to hear about your experience of martial law and the public square. It would be especially meaningful if you could reflect on how the public squares or demonstrations you encountered in your youth compare with those of today.
I belong to a community formed to commemorate a colleague who died under suspicious circumstances at the hands of state authority during our student years. The cause of that death has yet to be uncovered, and for more than thirty years we have continued our work demanding truth and accountability. Of course, those three decades encompass much more than that. These are people who lived their lives as working adults while pursuing this cause, and because their colleague’s death resulted from an abuse of power, they have remained committed to fighting social injustice.
They have lived as better citizens, as thoughtful voters, and as everyday people devoted to solidarity. I hold deep respect for this kind of civic health. Their children have now grown into university students, and they, too, come out into the streets during moments like the impeachment period. When I stand in the square, I don’t look toward the front lines but toward the young people all around me. Sometimes I go out simply because I want to see them.
I am struck by the way this younger generation knows how to take pleasure even in protest culture, and by the diverse connections and solidarities they form. The desire for a better society feels unchanged, whether thirty years ago or today. I believe that this civic health alone is enough to connect me to the younger generation.
Your most recent short story collection, We’re Okay Here, marks your first collection in a long while, so I imagine it carries particular weight for you. Compared with your earlier, more primal works, these stories feel more contemplative, with a more leisurely gaze directed toward the younger generation. In that sense, the book seems to mark a shift in your literary landscape. Stories such as “Into the Forest” and “Family Bus” can be read as narratives about your generation witnessing the passing of an earlier generation and its elders. After more than thirty years of writing, as you enter your middle age, I imagine you’ve thought about growing older. As someone positioned between the younger and older generations, could you share how these reflections have found their way into your writing?
Perhaps because I began writing fiction as a journey to find myself in my youth, I feel that I can only write as much as I have lived. The experience of losing one’s parents is part of that. There comes a time when you have to let them go. Senior writers I deeply respected are also leaving this world. On my phone now, wedding invitations and obituaries arrive in almost equal measure.
I think I’ve carried the question of when one becomes an adult for a long time. These days, I wonder if the question itself is misguided. I don’t think I’ll ever arrive at a clear sense of having grown up. Kenzaburō Ōe once said that an artist’s aging runs counter to ideas of maturity or harmony with society, and instead remains bound up with the contradictions one carries as an individual, along with a sense of catastrophe. I find this convincing. To me, it doesn’t sound like an inability to escape contradiction and ruin, but rather a choice not to escape them.
In any case, I continue to practice a kind of self-guidance, reminding myself that I need to keep walking my own path as a writer. I want to see how far my literary journey can go.
Is there a work you would like to introduce to readers outside Korea?
I would like to share my fourth short story collection, The Second Self-Portrait. It offers a glimpse of how Koreans live their everyday lives today, and what the lives of middle-aged Koreans look like.
In the afterword to We’re Okay Here, you regretted writing only as much as you breathed. This felt deeply characteristic of you. I read it as an honest confession that a writer can only write as much as they have lived and breathed. I hope you will continue to write and breathe for a long, long time. I would love to hear about stories you haven’t yet finished, stories you feel compelled to write, and your thoughts on your next work.
I keep finding more things I want to write about. I want to write about my father’s generation, about the later years of parents who’ve lost children to suspicious deaths, and about the Yeosu-Suncheon Incident that began on October 19, a tragedy tied to the region where I live, which perhaps I’ll do in the form of a novel. I also want to continue writing short stories that capture everyday life.
I feel embarrassed whenever I am asked about my next work because I’m such a lazy writer. These questions were difficult, but they pushed me to think more deeply. I wish you, Kim Yudam, continued strength in your own writing as well. Thank you.
KOREAN WORKS MENTIONED:
Jeon Sungtae, “Chasing Chickens,” in Burying Incense (Silcheon Munhak, 1999)
전성태, 「닭몰이」, 『매향』 (실천문학, 1999)
Jeon Sungtae, Crossing Borders (Changbi, 2005)
전성태, 『국경을 넘는 일』 (창비, 2005)
Jeon Sungtae, “Wolves,” “The Magnolia,” and “River Crossers,” in Wolves (tr. Sora Kim-Russell, White Pine Press, 2017)
전성태, 「늑대」, 「목란식당」, 「강을 건너는 사람들」, 『늑대』 (창비, 2009)
Jeon Sungtae, “Rodong Sinmun,” “Visiting Graves,” and “The House of Longing for Home,” in The Second Self-Portrait (Changbi, 2015)
전성태, 「로동신문」, 「성묘」, 「망향의 집」, 『두 번의 자화상』 (창비, 2015)
Jeon Sungtae, “Reunion,” “Into the Forest,” and “Family Bus,” in We’re Okay Here (Changbi, 2024)
전성태, 「상봉」, 「숲으로」, 「가족 버스」, 『여기는 괜찮아요』 (창비, 2024)
Jeon Sungtae, “Why Did I Get Off the Train,” The Journal of Literary Creative Writing 24, no. 2 (2025)
전성태, 「나는 중간역에서 내린다」, 『한국문예창작』 24권 2호 (한국문예창작학회, 2025)
Writer 필자 소개
Translator 번역가 소개
Did you enjoy this article? 별점
Did you enjoy this article? Please rate your experience
Featured Books 작품
More From Issue Vol. 71 Spring 2026
More Content Like This
LTI Korea
DLKL
SIWF 






